Snake bite (Rattlesnake)

To reduce inflammation use:

Eastern Deciduous Forest

Common Name: American ash

Genus and Species Name: Fraxinus americana

Habitat: Forests along streams and bluffs 

Seasons: Bark is available year-round.

Medicinal uses: The inner bark of the ash tree is used to reduce inflammation.

Preparation:  The inner bark of the ash tree is chewed and used as a poultice to the snake bite sore. 

Active Chemical Ingredient: betulin

Chemical Formula: C₃₀H₅₀O₂

Chemical Structure:

Resources:

Fraxinus americana - Natural medicine facts. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2015, from http://www.naturalmedicinefacts.info/plant/fraxinus-americana.html
(n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betulin
White Ash. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2015, from http://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/white-ash
Foster, S., & Duke, J. (n.d.). Peterson field guide to medicinal plants and herbs of eastern and central North America (Third ed.).

Tall Grass Prairie

Common Name: Goldenrod

Genus and Species Name: Solidago gigantea

Habitat: Prairies, openings in woods with sun, and meadows

Seasons: flowers bloom June-December

Medicinal uses: Dried goldenrod flowers are used to reduce inflammation.

Preparation:  Steep 1-2 tsp. of the dried goldenrod flowers in a cup of hot water for 10 minutes. Then, drink the tea to reduce inflammation. 

Active Chemical Ingredient: Leiocarposide

Chemical Formula: C27H34O16

Chemical Structure:

Resources:

(n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2015, from http://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/goldenrods
Solidago gigantea - Natural medicine facts. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2015, from http://www.naturalmedicinefacts.info/plant/solidago-gigantea.html
Solidago drummondii - Plant Finder. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2015, from http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=y410
Foster, S., & Duke, J. (n.d.). Peterson field guide to medicinal plants and herbs of eastern and central North America (Third ed.).
Goldenrod. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2015, from http://www.altmd.com/Articles/Goldenrod--Encyclopedia-of-Alternative-Medicine
Leiocarposide. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2015, from http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Leiocarposide
Goldenrod. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2015, from http://www.altmd.com/Articles/Goldenrod--Encyclopedia-of-Alternative-Medicine

To treat pain use:

Eastern Dediduous Forest and Tall Grass Prairie

Common Name: Purple coneflower

Genus and Species Name: Echinacea purpurea

Habitat: Prairies, roadsides, pastures, and openings in moist woods

Seasons: Blooms May- October

Medicinal uses: The purple coneflower's roots are used to make a tincture to relieve pain.

Preparation: The crushed roots (with a mortar and pestle) are mixed  in a 1:2 ratio with alcohol. After letting the combined material sit for several weeks, strain and store in a dark bottle (so sunlight does not degrade it). The tincture can be taken by mouth directly or diluted in water.
In addition, put the frostbit part of the body in cold water. Then, gradually increase the heat until it is warm.

Active Chemical Ingredient: Echinacoside

Chemical Formula: C₃₅H₄₆O₂₀

Chemical Structure:

Resources:

Echinacea:The Art of Tincturing. (n.d.). Retrieved September 6, 2015, from http://www.motherearthliving.com/plant-profile/echinacea-the-art-of-tincturing.aspx?PageId=3
Echinacoside. (n.d.). Retrieved September 6, 2015, from http://www.lktlabs.com/products/Echinacoside-2485-101.html
Echinacea purpurea - Natural medicine facts. (n.d.). Retrieved September 6, 2015, from http://www.naturalmedicinefacts.info/plant/echinacea-purpurea.html
Purple Coneflower. (n.d.). Retrieved September 6, 2015, from http://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/purple-coneflower