Food poisoning

To treat infection in the stomach and intestines use:

Tall Grass Prairie

Common Name: Wild onion

Genus and Species Name: Allium stellatum 

Habitat: Meadows, swamps, fields, and openings of dry upland forests

Seasons: Early spring- fall (perennial)

Medicinal uses: The onion is eaten because it contains quercetin, which are anti-bacterial. 

Preparation:  Harvest onion plants, wash, and eat to kill bacteria in stomach.

Active Chemical Ingredient: quercetin

Chemical Formula: C15H10O7

Chemical Structure:

Resources:

The onion plant kills E. coli bacteria. (2013, October 9). Retrieved September 9, 2015, from http://www.naturalhealth365.com/food_news/onion_bacteria.html

Allium cepa - Natural medicine facts. (n.d.). Retrieved September 9, 2015, from http://www.naturalmedicinefacts.info/plant/allium-cepa.html

Quercetin. (n.d.). Retrieved September 9, 2015, from http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/quercetin#section=2D-Structure

Wild Onion (Wild Pink Onion). (n.d.). Retrieved September 9, 2015, from http://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/wild-onion-wild-pink-onion

Nyerges, C. (n.d.). Guide to Wild Foods and Useful Plants (p. 188,189).
Bown, D. (n.d.). Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses (p. 234).

To treat diarrhea use:

Eastern Deciduous Forest

Common Name: Red oak

Genus and Species Name: Quercus rubra

Habitat: Fields, waste places, and yards

Seasons: Bark is available year round.

Medicinal uses: The tannins (an astringent that tighten the intestinal lining) in the bark stop diarrhea. 

Preparation: Ground bark is boiled in water to make a tea for 20 minutes. Then, strained and drank.

In addition, drink extra fresh water to prevent dehydration.

Active Chemical Ingredient: tannin

Chemical Formula: C76H52O46

Chemical Structure:

Resources:

Diarrhea, Dysentery and Cholera. (n.d.). Retrieved September 7, 2015, from http://natureheals.info/health/dysentery.html

Quercus rubra - Natural medicine facts. (n.d.). Retrieved September 7, 2015, from http://www.naturalmedicinefacts.info/plant/quercus-rubra.html

(n.d.). Retrieved September 7, 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannin
Chevallier, A., & Keifer, D. (2010). Herbal remedies. New York: Metro Books.
Oak Quercus robur. (n.d.). Retrieved September 7, 2015, from http://www.anniesremedy.com/herb_detail376.php

Tall Grass Prairie

Common Name: Winged sumac

Genus and Species Name: Rhus copallinum

Habitat: Thickets, open woods, and prairies

Seasons: Bark is available year-round.

Medicinal uses: Bark is used to treat diarrhea by making an astringent tea. 

Preparation: Brew the bark in water, strain, and drink tea to alleviate diarrhea. 

In addition, drink extra fresh water to prevent dehydration.

Active Chemical Ingredient: malic acid

Chemical Formula: C₄H₆O₅

Chemical Structure:

Resources:

(n.d.). Retrieved September 7, 2015, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Allantoin_chemical_structure.png
Winged Sumac (Dwarf Sumac; Shining Sumac). (n.d.). Retrieved September 7, 2015, from http://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/winged-sumac-dwarf-sumac-shining-sumac
Smooth SumacRhus glabra. (n.d.). Retrieved September 7, 2015, from http://www.bio.brandeis.edu/fieldbio/medicinal_plants/pages/Smooth_Sumac.html
First Ways. (n.d.). Retrieved September 7, 2015, from http://firstways.com/2011/08/23/how-and-why-to-eat-sumac/
Handbook of Herbs and Spices. (n.d.). Retrieved September 7, 2015, from https://books.google.com/books?id=2I9wAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA565&lpg=PA565&dq=what chemical makes sumac bark astringent&source=bl&ots=lMKtR2_anU&sig=_MUjofBZoI-fAiowjzXw85GzknY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CC8Q6AEwBGoVChMIoPHO7KjkxwIVQzQ-Ch01oQDy#v=onepage&q=what chemical